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Short S.45
The Short S.45 — also known as the Short T.5〔 after its naval serial number — was a training biplane built for Britain's Royal Navy by Short Brothers in 1912. It was the forerunner of another three identical aircraft (designated S.48, S.49, and S.50 by Shorts) delivered to the Royal Navy and Royal Flying Corps during 1912 and 1913.〔 The Royal Naval Air Service was still operating the type when World War I broke out in 1914.〔
==Design and development==
The design was similar〔indeed, so similar that at least some sources such as ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I'' (p.78) and Thetford's ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912'' (p.455) treat the S.36 and S.45 types as one and the same.〕 to that of the Short S.36, a sporting biplane built for Frank McClean〔Bruce 1956, p.922.〕 that he lent to the Navy Flying School, Eastchurch.〔 Cdr Charles Rumney Samson and Capt Eugene Gerrard test flew the aircraft early in 1912.〔 The pleasing performance of the S.36 led to an order by the Admiralty for two aircraft of similar configuration, but differing in the engine fitted.〔 in March that year.〔〔Barnes & James 1989, p.80〕 Shorts delivered these as the S.41 and the S.45.〔〔
The S.45 was an unequal-span biplane two-bay biplane with a fuselage of square-cross section with the two seats in tandem in open cockpits .〔 The wire-braced wings were unstaggered, and the fuselage was mounted part-way between them.〔 Ailerons were only fitted to the upper wing.〔 The tail was cruciform in shape〔 and the undercarriage was designed to be interchangeable to allow the S.45 to be flown as a seaplane or landplane.〔 The machine was powered by a single rotary engine in the nose, turning a two-blade propeller.〔 In seaplane configuration, the undercarriage consisted of a single broad pontoon mounted beneath the fuselage,〔〔 with airbags on short struts under each wing.〔 A third airbag was later fitted under the tail to keep it out of the water while the aircraft was under tow.〔
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